Note Buyers Guide 101

E earnest money deposit A deposit made by the potential home buyer to show that he or she is serious about buying the house. easement A right of way giving persons other than the owner access to or over a property. effective age An appraiser’s estimate of the physical condition of a building. The actual age of a building may be shorter or longer than its effective age. effective gross income Normal annual income including overtime that is regular or guaranteed. The income may be from more than one source. Salary is generally the principal source, but other income may qualify if it is significant and stable. eminent domain The right of a government to take private property for public use upon payment of its fair market value. Eminent domain is the basis for condemnation proceedings. Employer-assisted housing A special Fannie Mae housing initiative that offers several different ways for employers to work with local lenders to develop plans to assist their employees in purchasing homes. encroachment An improvement that intrudes illegally on another’s property. encumbrance Anything that affects or limits the fee simple title to a property, such as mortgages, leases, easements, or restrictions. endorser A person who signs ownership interest over to another party. Contrast with co-maker. Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) A federal law that requires lenders and other creditors to make credit equally available without discrimination based on race, color, religion, national origin, age, sex, marital status, or receipt of income from public assistance programs. equity A homeowner's financial interest in a property. Equity is the difference between the fair market value of the property and the amount still owed on its mortgage. escrow An item of value, money, or documents deposited with a third party to be delivered upon the fulfillment of a condition. For example, the deposit by a borrower with the lender of funds to pay taxes and insurance premiums when they become due, or the deposit of funds or documents with an attorney or escrow agent to be disbursed upon the closing of a sale of real estate. escrow account The account in which a mortgage servicer holds the borrower’s escrow payments prior to paying property expenses. escrow analysis The periodic examination of escrow accounts to determine if current monthly deposits will provide sufficient funds to pay taxes, insurance, and other bills when due. escrow collections Funds collected by the servicer and set aside in an escrow account to pay the borrower’s property taxes, mortgage insurance, and hazard insurance. escrow disbursements The use of escrow funds to pay real estate taxes, hazard insurance, mortgage insurance, and other property expenses as they become due. escrow payment The portion of a mortgagor’s monthly payment that is held by the servicer to pay for taxes, hazard insurance, mortgage insurance, lease payments, and other items as they become due. Known as impounds or reserves in some states. estate The ownership interest of an individual in real property. The sum total of all the real property and personal property owned by an individual at time of death. eviction The lawful expulsion of an occupant from real property. examination of title The report on the title of a property from the public records or an abstract of the title. exclusive listing A written contract that gives a licensed real estate agent the exclusive right to sell a property for a specified time, but reserving the owner’s right to sell the property alone without the payment of a commission. executor A person named in a will to administer an estate. The court will appoint an administrator if no executor is named. Executrix is the feminine form. Earnings Per Share (EPS) Company's earnings divided by the number of shares outstanding. Earnings Report A financial statement, also called Income Statement, issued by a company showing its earnings or losses over a given period. Earnings Announcement EBIT A company's Earnings Before Interest and Taxes. EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval) An electronic system implemented by the SEC that is used by companies to transmit all documents required to be filed with the SEC in relation to corporate offerings and ongoing disclosure obligations. EDGAR became fully operational mid 1995. Efficient Market A market in which information is instantaneously reflected in the price. Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) A hypothesis that U.S. equity markets are efficient. Economic Investment Investment in real assets: plant, equipment, and intangible assets. EMH See Efficient Market Hypothesis Ending Net Asset Value The market value of a fund share on a predetermined end date. EPS See Earnings Per Share ERM See Exchange Rate Mechanism Eurobonds Bonds that are marketed internationally. Eurodollar Market A banking market in U.S. dollars outside the U.S. Exercise Price The price at which a call option or put may be exercised. Also called strike price. Exchange There are three main U.S. stock exchanges on which securities are traded. The American Stock Exchange (AMEX), Nasdaq is the National Association of Securities Dealers, and the New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE). Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM), or the currency grid, is a system that limits currency fluctuations to a range of 15 percent in either direction. Ex-Dividend Date The date which determines ownership of stock for the purpose of paying dividends. Owners purchasing shares on or after the ex-dividend date do not receive the dividends. Only owners before this date would be registered to receive the declared dividend. The date is set at four business days prior to the record date. Also see dividend. External Financing Financing projects through new issues of securities; debt and/or equity. Extra Dividend Dividend that is not expected to be repeated.